mindmap root((热情)) impassioned implies warmth and intensity without violence and suggests fluent verbal or artistic expression: an ~ plea for international understanding. passionate implies great vehemence and often violence and wasteful diffusion of emotion: ~ denunciations of American arrogance. ardent implies an intense degree of zeal, devotion, or enthusiasm: an ~ admirer of the novels of Jane Austen. （zeal表示不懈的追求unflagging pursuit，devotion表示投入，都比enthusiasm热情程度深） fervent stresses sincerity and steadiness of emotional warmth or zeal: ~ Christians on a pilgrimage. fervid suggests warmly spontaneous and often feverishly urgent emotions: ~ love letters that suggest emotional imbalance. （spontaneous自发natural, lack of prompt，如a spontaneous burst of applause自发的热烈掌声） perfervid implies the expression of exaggerated, insincere, or overwrought feelings: wary of such ~ expressions of selfless patriotism.